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»Mirror of Navigation«

Seamanual, Sailing Instruction, Map Collection and Work of Art
The representations were engraved into copper by Jan von Deutecum and the first edition was printed in Dutch by Christopher Plantijn between 1584 and 1585 in Leiden.

The maps of helmsman and pilot Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer from Enkhuizen were not founded on exactly surveyed coast lines. They were rather drawings based on hearsay, opinion or other sources. The maps were in that sense not reliable like what we expect of a modern seachart. However many considerations for nautical practice were made. For example coastal profiles, anchorages, channels, navigation marks or shallows. Waghenaers work was the forerunner of Netherlands large sea-Atlases of the following century.

The book breathes, lives and mirrors the old seafaring romanticism in an impressive way. In a perfect manner we get an impression of old sea voyage ways, of the simple and yet so practical methods of how our ancestors found their way around the oceans and seas and about the appearance of their ships.

The map engravers from these days were at the same time also fantastic artists and combined within their maps completely different perspectives and ways of presentation. That is why we find in these maps picturesque views of the coast, datailing bays with harbour sketches, depth specifications and shallows alongside marks necessary for navigation. The charts also show the wonders and adventures of the sea. We find monsters in our sea, whales and other interesting presentations of seafarers, ship models and navigation instruments.

Figure of a chart I
Figure of a chart I
(79 KB)


Figure of a chart II
Figure of a chart II
(91 KB)


Figure of a chart III
Figure of a chart III
(81 KB)


Figure of a chart IV
Figure of a chart IV
(91 KB)


Figure of a chart V
Figure of a chart V
(90 KB)

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[Deutsche Version]